Art Nouveau

It was opposed to previous styles, therefore the name Art Nouveau. This Art Nouveau was influenced by Rococo, Japanese Art, Celtic Art, Egyptian Art and Gothic Revival.

It had different names, in Vienna it was Sezzesionstil –(Gustav Klimt, Hoffman), In Germany it was Jugendstil (-Otto Eckman, August Endele), In Italy it was Stile Liberte, In Spain it was Modernista (- Anton Gaudi) and in America it was considered to be an extension of the Arts and Crafts movement (-Louis Sullivan).

It began in a shop and interior design gallery in Paris called Le Maison de l’arte Nouveau owned by Samuel Bing in 1895. Art Nouevau symbolized the “new art form”. It was happening at the time of the French Belle Epoque, before the first world war. This was a time where there was a prosperous middle class, and a lot of pleasure seeking bourgoise.

Artists of the time were:

Hector Guimard - Street Furniture

Eugine Grasset – Encre L. Marquet (1899)

Jules Cheret – Hippodrome (1895)

Alphonse Mucha –    The Moon (1902)

                                   

Gisimonda (1895)

                                   

Moet é Chandon (1899)

                                   

Sarah Bernhandt in Hamlet (1899)

                                    

Louie Fuller – Dance performer whose graceful serpentine movements inspired her sculptures.

Audrey Beardsley – follower of Aesthatic Movement with Lars Tiffany and Francois Eugene Rousseau ( they influenced the Art Nouveau movement through its use of abstracted Japanese forms).

Edward Burnes Jones – the knight’s farewell

Beardsley – J’ai Baise ta Bouche

è large dark areas contrasted with large white ones

è fine detailed patterns

è estatic & erotic

è sinous

è a style more grotesque

-       Peacock skirt

-       Isolde (1898)

Will Bradley – like Beardsley but emerged when Beardsley died, situated in America

In Belgium: Henry van der Velde – Stained Glass panels Brussels

In Glasgow: Charles Renne Mackintosh      – early organic style

-       compared the progressive modernity with the spirit of romanticism

Art Nouveau: Stylization to the extreme

                        Curves and shapes to understand underlying geometric form

In Austria: led by Gustav Klimt. Kolomon Moser & others – evolved from Symbolist movement & French Art Nouveau

Kolomon Moser        

Ver Sacrum poster

Book stamp for Fritz

In Germany emerged the Deutscher Werkbund, consisting of Peter Behrens, Mies Van der Rohe and Josef Hoffman.  This organization’s aim was to standardize and rationalize form for machine production.

Peter Behrens was linked with the Jugendstil, and he was very inspired by William Morris. He was a pioneer Industrial Designer, and was praised as a gesamthuntwerk (total work of art). He says, “all aspects of design must be given equal attention and be coordinated in the same style”.

In design he was important for his early symbolic prints, which were clean & sober, had the element of symmetry, used contrasting colours, were artistic yet rational, and used elongated Roman calligraphic letter types.

He also influenced Walter Gropius when opening the Bauhaus.

links:
http://www.slideshare.net/umertariq93/modern-architectures-umer-tariq
http://www.bpib.com/illustrat/mucha.htm
http://www.theartstory.org/movement-art-nouveau.htm